Active Surveillance, Bleomycin, Etoposide, Carboplatin or Cisplatin in Treating Pediatric and Adult Patients With Germ Cell Tumors
Purpose
This phase III trial studies how well active surveillance help doctors to monitor subjects with low risk germ cell tumors for recurrence after their tumor is removed. When the germ cell tumor has spread outside of the organ in which it developed, it is considered metastatic. Chemotherapy drugs, such as bleomycin, carboplatin, etoposide, and cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. The trial studies whether carboplatin or cisplatin is the preferred chemotherapy to use in treating metastatic standard risk germ cell tumors.
Conditions
- Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumor
- Extragonadal Embryonal Carcinoma
- Germ Cell Tumor
- Malignant Germ Cell Tumor
- Malignant Ovarian Teratoma
- Stage I Ovarian Choriocarcinoma
- Stage I Ovarian Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage I Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage I Testicular Choriocarcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage I Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage I Testicular Seminoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage I Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage II Ovarian Choriocarcinoma
- Stage II Ovarian Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage II Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage II Testicular Choriocarcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage II Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage II Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage III Ovarian Choriocarcinoma
- Stage III Ovarian Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage III Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage III Testicular Choriocarcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage III Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage III Testicular Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage IV Ovarian Choriocarcinoma
- Stage IV Ovarian Embryonal Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7
- Stage IV Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor AJCC v6 and v7
- Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Embryonal Carcinoma
- Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Teratoma
- Testicular Mixed Choriocarcinoma and Yolk Sac Tumor
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- All ages
- Eligible Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- There is no age limit for the low risk stratum (stage I ovarian immature teratoma and stage I non-seminoma or seminoma malignant GCT [all sites]) - Standard risk 1: Patients must be < 11 years of age at enrollment - Standard risk 2: Patients must be >= 11 and < 25 years of age at enrollment - Patients enrolling on one of the low risk arms must be newly diagnosed with a stage I germ cell tumor; for the standard risk arms, patients must be newly diagnosed with malignant germ cell tumor (stage II or higher). - Histologic confirmation of a primary extracranial germ cell tumor in any of the categories outlined below is required of all patients at enrollment , with the following exceptions: - Among patients were initially diagnosed with completely resected non-seminoma malignant GCT and later recur during observation post surgery, a diagnostic biopsy is not required for enrollment if elevated tumor markers rise to > 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) on at least 2 measurements taken at least 1 week apart. The pathology report of initial surgery should be provided - Patients may be enrolled without histologic or cytologic confirmation in the rare case where there are exceptionally raised tumor markers (alpha fetoprotein [AFP- ≥ 500 ng/mL or HCG ≥ 500 IU/L) and radiologic features consistent with GCT. In addition, the treating clinician must deem that the patient's tumor is not suitable for upfront resection and that a biopsy is not in the patient's best interest; or that there is a need to start therapy urgently - Low risk immature teratoma (IT); site: ovarian; stage: any; grade: any; histology: pure immature teratoma, mixed immature and mature teratoma, (may contain microscopic foci of yolk sac tumor [< 3 mm], but no other pathological evidence of MGCT); tumor markers: alpha-FP =< 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG institutional normal; all ages - Low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT; site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage: COG stage I, FIGO stage IA and IB, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) testicular stage IA, IB and IS; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma (pure or mixed); all ages - Low risk stage I seminoma-MGCT; site: testicular; stage: COG stage I; AJCC testicular stage IA IB, and IS; histology: must contain only seminoma; may contain immature/mature teratoma; may NOT contain yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; all ages - Standard risk 1 (SR1); site: ovarian, testicular, or extragonadal; stage: COG stage II-IV, FIGO stage IC-IV, (International Germ Cell Consensus Classification [IGCCC] criteria DO NOT apply); histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) < 11 - Standard risk 2 (SR2) - Site: ovarian; stage: COG stage II, III, and III-X, FIGO stage IC, II and III; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma; age (years) >= 11 and < 25 - Site: testicular; stage: COG stage II-IV, AJCC stage II, III, IGCCC good risk; histology: must contain at least one of the following: yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma: must be IGCCC good risk; post op: alpha-FP < 1,000 ng/mL, beta-HCG < 5,000 IU/mL and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) < 3.0 x normal; age (years) >= 11 and < 25 - Notes: - IGCCC criteria only apply to SR2 patients with a testicular primary tumor - Use post-op tumor marker levels to determine IGCCC risk group - Pure seminoma patients are not eligible for the standard risk arms of the study - For the low risk stage I non-seminoma MGCT and the standard risk arms, components of yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, or choriocarcinoma can be mixed with other forms of GCT, such as seminoma or mature or immature teratoma; if yolk sac tumor is the only malignant component present, then it must be deemed by the pathologist to be greater than a "microscopic component" of yolk sac tumor - Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, 2 or 3; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age - Organ function requirements apply ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy (SR1 and SR2 patients) - Adequate renal function defined as: - Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) OR - A serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment): (mg/dL) - 1 month to < 6 months male: 0.4 female: 0.4 - 6 months to < 1 year male: 0.5 female: 0.5 - 1 to < 2 years male: 0.6 female: 0.6 - 2 to < 6 years male: 0.8 female: 0.8 - 6 to < 10 years male: 1 female: 1 - 10 to < 13 years male: 1.2 female: 1.2 - 13 to < 16 years: male: 1.5 female: 1.4 - >= 16 years male: 1.7 female: 1.4 - Total bilirubin =< 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment) - Unless due to Gilbert's disease, malignant involvement of liver or vanishing bile duct syndrome - Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 7 days prior to enrollment) - Unless due to Gilbert's disease, malignant involvement of liver or vanishing bile duct syndrome - Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) AND - Platelet count >= 75,000/mm^3 (within 7 days prior to enrollment) - Patients enrolling on the standard risk arms must be medically fit to receive protocol treatment and with no contraindications to protocol treatment - Eligibility criteria to participate in the pilot study of the AYA-Hears instrument (patient reported outcomes [PROs] of ototoxicity) Note: participants in group 1 will not receive AGCT1531 protocol-directed therapy; all other AYA-HEARS patients must be enrolled on the AGCT1531 SR2 arm in order to participate - >= 11 and < 25 years old at enrollment - Able to fluently speak and read English - Has received prior cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy regimen for malignancy including diagnoses other than germ cell tumor - Followed for cancer or survivorship care at one of the following institutions: - Baylor College of Medicine/Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center - Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center - Hospital for Sick Children - Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario - Oregon Health and Science University - Seattle Children's Hospital - Yale University
Exclusion Criteria
- Patients with any diagnoses not listed including: - Stage I testicular cancer patients who have undergone primary RPLND (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection) - Pure ovarian or extragonadal dysgerminoma/seminoma - Pure mature teratoma - Pure immature teratoma with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) >= 1000 ng/mL - "Poor risk" GCT (age >= 11 years old and COG stage IV ovarian, COG stage II- IV extragonadal, or IGCCC intermediate or poor risk testicular), or - Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumor - Germ cell tumor with somatic malignant transformation - Spermatocytic seminoma - Patients must have had no prior systemic therapy for the current cancer diagnosis - Patients must have had no prior radiation therapy with the exception of CNS irradiation of brain metastases; (this exception only applies to SR1 patients; any patients over age 11 with distant metastases to brain [stage IV disease] would be considered poor risk and therefore not eligible for this trial) - Patients with significant, pre-existing co-morbid respiratory disease that contraindicate the use of bleomycin are ineligible for the standard risk arms of the trial - Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs; a pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients]) - Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients]) - Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation; (this criteria applies ONLY to patients who will receive chemotherapy [SR1 and SR2 patients])
Study Design
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel Assignment
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None (Open Label)
Arm Groups
Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
---|---|---|
Experimental Arm I (bleomycin, carboplatin, etoposide) |
Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. |
|
Experimental Arm II (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) |
Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. |
|
Experimental Arm III (bleomycin, etoposide, carboplatin) |
Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. |
|
Experimental Arm IV (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) |
Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. |
|
Experimental Low-Risk (observation) |
Patients with low-risk stage I grade 2, 3 ovarian immature teratoma or stage I non-seminoma or seminoma MGCTs undergo observation and can transfer to standard risk arm when eligibility criteria are met. Patients with stage I seminoma testicular MGCT undergo observation, and those with residual/recurrent disease are treated at the discretion of their physician. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. |
|
Recruiting Locations
Birmingham 4049979, Alabama 4829764 35233
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Anchorage 5879400, Alaska 5879092 98508
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Columbus 4509177, Ohio 5165418 43215
Columbus 4509177, Ohio 5165418 43219
Columbus 4509177, Ohio 5165418 43222
Columbus 4509177, Ohio 5165418 43228
Dayton 4509884, Ohio 5165418 45404
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Delaware 5151891, Ohio 5165418 43015
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Dublin 5152333, Ohio 5165418 43016
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Grove City 4513409, Ohio 5165418 43123
Lima 5160783, Ohio 5165418 45801
Mansfield 5161723, Ohio 5165418 44903
Marietta 4517586, Ohio 5165418 45750
Marion 5161902, Ohio 5165418 43302
Marysville 5162077, Ohio 5165418 43040
Mount Vernon 5163799, Ohio 5165418 43050
Newark 5164466, Ohio 5165418 43055
Perrysburg 5166516, Ohio 5165418 43551
Pickerington 4521209, Ohio 5165418 43147
Portsmouth 4521816, Ohio 5165418 45662
Sylvania 5173572, Ohio 5165418 43560
Toledo 5174035, Ohio 5165418 43606
Toledo 5174035, Ohio 5165418 43608
Toledo 5174035, Ohio 5165418 43623
Westerville 5176472, Ohio 5165418 43081
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Wilmington 4528463, Ohio 5165418 45177
Zanesville 4528923, Ohio 5165418 43701
Lawton 4540737, Oklahoma 4544379 73505
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Oklahoma City 4544349, Oklahoma 4544379 73104
Bend 5713587, Oregon 5744337 97701
Clackamas 5719308, Oregon 5744337 97015
Coos Bay 5720495, Oregon 5744337 97420
Newberg 5742726, Oregon 5744337 97132
Oregon City 5744253, Oregon 5744337 97045
Portland 5746545, Oregon 5744337 97213
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Portland 5746545, Oregon 5744337 97227
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Portland 5746545, Oregon 5744337 97239
Allentown 5178127, Pennsylvania 6254927 18103
Danville 5186327, Pennsylvania 6254927 17822
Hershey 5193342, Pennsylvania 6254927 17033
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Philadelphia 4560349, Pennsylvania 6254927 19104
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Pittsburgh 5206379, Pennsylvania 6254927 15213
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Pittsburgh 5206379, Pennsylvania 6254927 15224
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Pittsburgh 5206379, Pennsylvania 6254927 15237
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Providence 5224151, Rhode Island 5224323 02903
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401-444-1488
Boiling Springs 4571805, South Carolina 4597040 29316
Charleston 4574324, South Carolina 4597040 29425
Columbia 4575352, South Carolina 4597040 29203
Gaffney 4579418, South Carolina 4597040 29341
Greenville 4580543, South Carolina 4597040 29601
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Seneca 4595346, South Carolina 4597040 29672
Spartanburg 4597200, South Carolina 4597040 29303
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Spartanburg 4597200, South Carolina 4597040 29307
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Union 4599214, South Carolina 4597040 29379
Sioux Falls 5231851, South Dakota 5769223 57117-5134
Chattanooga 4612862, Tennessee 4662168 37403
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423-778-7289
Knoxville 4634946, Tennessee 4662168 37916
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865-541-8266
Memphis 4641239, Tennessee 4662168 38105
Nashville 4644585, Tennessee 4662168 37203
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615-342-1919
Nashville 4644585, Tennessee 4662168 37232
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Amarillo 5516233, Texas 4736286 79106
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806-354-5411
Austin 4671654, Texas 4736286 78723
Corpus Christi 4683416, Texas 4736286 78411
Dallas 4684888, Texas 4736286 75230
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Dallas 4684888, Texas 4736286 75390
El Paso 5520993, Texas 4736286 79905
Fort Worth 4691930, Texas 4736286 76104
Houston 4699066, Texas 4736286 77030
Houston 4699066, Texas 4736286 77030
Lubbock 5525577, Texas 4736286 79410
Lubbock 5525577, Texas 4736286 79415
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San Antonio 4726206, Texas 4736286 78207
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Temple 4735966, Texas 4736286 76508
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254-724-5407
Salt Lake City 5780993, Utah 5549030 84113
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Burlington 5234372, Vermont 5242283 05405
Charlottesville 4752031, Virginia 6254928 22908
Norfolk 4776222, Virginia 6254928 23507
Portsmouth 4779999, Virginia 6254928 23708-2197
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757-953-5939
Richmond 4781708, Virginia 6254928 23298
Roanoke 4782167, Virginia 6254928 24014
Aberdeen 5785243, Washington 5815135 98520
Bellingham 5786899, Washington 5815135 98225
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360-788-8223
Centralia 5789683, Washington 5815135 98531
Edmonds 5793427, Washington 5815135 98026
Everett 5793933, Washington 5815135 98201
Issaquah 5798487, Washington 5815135 98029
Kennewick 5799610, Washington 5815135 99336
Lacey 5800112, Washington 5815135 98503
Longview 5801617, Washington 5815135 98632
Seattle 5809844, Washington 5815135 98105
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Seattle 5809844, Washington 5815135 98107
Seattle 5809844, Washington 5815135 98122-5711
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Spokane 5811696, Washington 5815135 99204
Tacoma 5812944, Washington 5815135 98405
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Walla Walla 5814916, Washington 5815135 99362
Yakima 5816605, Washington 5815135 98902
Charleston 4801859, West Virginia 4826850 25304
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Huntington 4809537, West Virginia 4826850 25701
Morgantown 4815352, West Virginia 4826850 26506
Green Bay 5254962, Wisconsin 5279468 54301-3526
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Green Bay 5254962, Wisconsin 5279468 54303
Madison 5261457, Wisconsin 5279468 53792
Milwaukee 5263045, Wisconsin 5279468 53226
Oconto Falls 5265522, Wisconsin 5279468 54154
Sheboygan 5272893, Wisconsin 5279468 53081
Sturgeon Bay 5274867, Wisconsin 5279468 54235-1495
More Details
- NCT ID
- NCT03067181
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To evaluate whether a strategy of complete surgical resection followed by surveillance can maintain an overall survival rate of at least 95.7% at two years for pediatric, adolescent and adult patients with stage I (low risk) malignant germ cell tumors (Stratum 2), and at least 88% for patients with all stage/grade ovarian pure immature teratoma (Stratum 1). II. To compare the event-free survival of a carboplatin versus (vs.) cisplatin-based regimen in the treatment of pediatric, adolescent and young adult patients with standard risk non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. IIa. To compare the event free survival (EFS) of a carboplatin-based regimen (carboplatin [C] etoposide [E] bleomycin [b]) vs. a cisplatin-based regimen (cisplatin [P]Eb) in children (less than 11 years in age) with standard risk germ cell tumors (GCT). IIb. To compare the EFS of a carboplatin-based regimen (BEC) vs. a cisplatin-based regimen (BEP) in adolescents and young adults (ages 11 - < 25 years) with standard risk GCT. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare the incidence of ototoxicity in children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy as compared to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. II. To refine and validate a novel patient-reported measure of hearing outcomes for children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors. III. To determine whether radiomic measures of body composition at diagnosis, end of therapy, and one year after end of therapy is better correlated with adverse events compared to body surface area in patients receiving chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To prospectively determine the correlation of tumor marker decline (alpha-fetoprotein [FP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG]) with clinical outcome in low and standard risk germ cell tumor patients. II. To compare self-reported peripheral neuropathy and other patient-reported outcomes between children, adolescents and young adults with standard risk germ cell tumors treated with carboplatin-based chemotherapy as compared to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. III. Assess the relationship between hearing loss as measured by audiometry with the effects of tinnitus as assessed on the Adolescent and Young Adult Hearing Screening (AYA-HEARS) instrument. IV. To evaluate the prognostic significance of serum micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA)s in stage I testicular cancer (seminoma and non-seminoma) patients by collecting clinical data and serum specimens for future analysis. V. To compare differences in the proportion of patients with residual mass(es) ≥ 1 cm at the completion of chemotherapy among patients randomized to the cisplatin and carboplatin-containing arms and to compare the proportion undergoing post-chemotherapy surgery for residual mass(es), and the proportion of resected masses with viable malignancy, teratoma, or necrosis. OUTLINE: Patients with low-risk stage I grade 2, 3 ovarian immature teratoma or stage I non-seminoma malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT)s undergo observation and can transfer to standard risk arm at time of recurrence if eligibility criteria are met. Patients with stage I seminoma testicular MGCT undergo observation, and those with residual/recurrent disease are treated at the discretion of their physician. Patients undergo computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial to monitor for response and recurrence. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients with standard risk 1 are randomized into 1 of 2 arms. ARM I (CEb): Patients receive bleomycin intravenously (IV) over 10 minutes and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. ARM II (PEb): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on day 1. Patients also receive etoposide IV over 1-2 hours and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. Patients with standard risk 2 are randomized into 1 of 2 arms. ARM III (BEC): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and carboplatin IV over 1 hour on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. ARM IV (BEP): Patients receive bleomycin IV over 10 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide IV over 1-2 hours on days 1-5, and cisplatin IV over 1-3 hours on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 21 days for up to 3 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT, MRI, and/or chest x-ray as well as blood sample collection throughout the trial. Patients may also undergo a tumor biopsy throughout the trial. Patients undergo a pulmonary function test on study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 2 months for 12 months, every 3-6 months to 24 months, every 6 months for years 3-5, and then annually for up to 10 years.